Debugging

Debugging using printing

• Use this template to debug,

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class Debug {
public:
  void print(const int &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const long &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const bool &x) { cout << (x ? "true" : "false"); }
  void print(const long long &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const unsigned &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const unsigned long &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const unsigned long long &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const float &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const double &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const long double &x) { cout << x; }
  void print(const char &x) { cout << (char)44 << x << (char)44; }
  void print(const char *x) { cout << (char)34 << x << (char)34; }
  void print(const string &x) { cout << (char)34 << x << (char)34; }
  template <typename T, typename V> void print(const pair<T, V> &x) {
    cout << '{';
    print(x.first);
    cout << ',';
    print(x.second);
    cout << "}";
  }
  template <typename T, typename V, typename U>
  void print(const tuple<T, V, U> &x) {
    cout << '{';
    print(get<0>(x));
    cout << ',';
    print(get<1>(x));
    cout << ',';
    print(get<2>(x));
    cout << "}";
  }
  template <typename T> void print(const vector<T> &x) {
    cout << "{";
    for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); i++) {
      print(x[i]);
      cout << (x.size() - i - 1 ? "," : "");
    };
    cout << "}";
  }
  template <typename T> void print(const T &x) {
    int f = 0;
    cout << '{';
    for (auto &i : x)
      cout << (f++ ? "," : ""), print(i);
    cout << "}";
  }
  void dprint() { cout << "]\n"; }
  template <typename T, typename... V> void dprint(T t, V... v) {
    print(t);
    if (sizeof...(v))
      cout << ", ";
    dprint(v...);
  }
};

Debug d;
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
#define debug(x...)                                                            \
  cout << "[" << #x << "] = [";                                                \
  d.dprint(x)
#else
#define debug(x...)
#endif

int main() {
  int a = 10;
  int b = 100;
  bool c = false;
  long long D = 10000;
  unsigned e = 10000;
  unsigned long f = 1000;
  unsigned long long g = 100;
  float h = 123.323;
  double i = 312.32;
  long double j = 213.312;
  char k = 'k';
  string s = "dasdas";
  debug(a);
  debug(b);
  debug(c);
  debug(D);
  debug(e);
  debug(f);
  debug(g);
  debug(h);
  return 0;
}

Debugging using a debugger

Debugger is a program that helps to debug a program. As simple as this definition may seems, debugger is a quite powerful tool if utilized properly. What debugger does is it compiles a program but add additional information to the program and while running you can check which line of code is causing error.

Here is basic functionalities of a debugger

• Start - starts the execution of the program
• Stop - stops the execution of the program
• Restart - restart the code execution
• Continue - continue running code till next breakpoint
• Next - continue execution till next line of code
• Previous - rollback execution to previous line of code
• Step in - step inside the function call if present
• Step out - continue execution till getting outside of the function

While debugging you are also provided with a debug console where you can perform operations on the current variables in scope.