AWS - Amazon Web Services
- Fastest growing cloud computing
- Largest cloud computing platform
- More organizations outsourcing the IT to AWS
- AWS certifications are most important
Levels of AWS certifications
- Foundational
- Knowledge-based certification for foundational understanding of AWS Cloud.
- No prior experience needed.
- Cloud Practitioner
- Associate level
- Role-based certifications that showcase your knowledge and skills on AWS and build your credibility as an AWS Cloud professional.
- Prior cloud and/or strong on-premises IT experience recommended.
- Solution Architect
- Developer
- SysOps Administration
- Professional level
- Role-based certifications that validate advanced skills and knowledge required to design secure, optimized, and modernized applications and to automate processes on AWS.
- 2 years of prior AWS Cloud experience recommended.
- Solution Architect
- DevOps Engineer
- Specialty
- Dive deeper and position yourself as a trusted advisor to your stakeholders and/or customers in these strategic areas.
- Advance Networking
- Data Analytics
- Database
- Machine Learning
- Security
- SAP on AWS
- Dive deeper and position yourself as a trusted advisor to your stakeholders and/or customers in these strategic areas.
Regions
- Region in just a geographical area.
- A region can have one more data centres.
- Data centres are also known as availability zones.
- India has a data centre in Mumbai and mini data centres in Delhi and Bangalore.
- Mini data centres are also called as edge locations and are connected to a main data centre.
- There are overall
- 25 launched regions and
- 81 Availability zones / Data Centres.
Amazon EC2
- A web service that provides secure
- Quickly boot into a new system
- Pay as you use
- Crash / failure resistant
Instance purchase options
- On demand instances
- Pay by the hour instance.
- Reserved instance
- Long term commitments in advance. This reduces cost of overall order.
- Spot instance
- Auctions for an instance on commodity hardware (We get the hardware for 4 hours).
- Dedicated host
- We pay for physical host.
Using EC2
Under services, open EC2
Creating an instance
- Go to instances
- Click Launch Instance.
- Select the machine image.
- Select a instance type (Basically that is free tier eligible).
- t2.micro - intel cpu
- t2a.micro - AMD cpu
- Configure the instance
- Enter number of instances
- Request spot instance (auctions)
- Modify network
- Select placement group
- A placement group is used for disaster recovery
- Strategies used :
- Clustering - When data and backup are kept on the same rack
- Partition - When data and backup are kept on different racks
- Spread - Placing data and backup over different regions or availability zones.
- Create one using the create placement group option on EC2 dashboard.
- Under tenancy select a shared hardware instance
- Enclave - If we want to create an isolated environment
- Add some storage
- Add any tags and add them to instances, volumes as well as network instances from the checkboxes.
- To name some instance use
Name
as key value for the tag.
- To name some instance use
- Configure the security group next and create a security group
- RDP
- Remote Desktop Protocol
- port - 3389
- Source - Set it to anywhere
- To allow http, select Add Rule > HTTP with port range 80 and source anywhere
- At max we can only attach 5 security groups and at least 1
- RDP
- Click Launch
- Create some key-pair and download it; and click Launch instance
- VERY IMPORTANT - you can download the key pair only while generating
- if you forget to download the key or
- accidentally deleted the key
- there is no way to recover it
- best you can do then is to detach the storage attached and attach it to another instance
- Click on the instance ID shown on screen until it comes to running state.
- Once the status shows 2/2 checks passed, select the instance, click Connect on top and select RDP client.
- Download the remote desktop file and get the password.
- It asks for the key-pair file, so upload the .pem file.
- Decrypt it and get the password.
- Browse the remote desktop file and enter the credentials.
- The machine is ready to use.
Server manager
Hosting a website
on windows server
On the host machine, we can use the server manager to install features or perform server related tasks.
- Example:
- Add server roles > Server Roles > Web server(IIS)
Default localhost webpage is stored under C:/inetpub/wwwroot/
which can be accessed at localhost url in a web browser.
Delete the default files and place your own web-pages.
Now to restart the localhost, open the IIS on host machine and select
Instance > sites > Default Web Site
from the left browsing menu.- Right click and click restart on
Manage Website
.
In order to access the webpage globally, go to instances on the AWS console and copy the public IPv4 address and paste it in a browser.
Note: you probably used
http
protocol so usehttp://ip-address
in browser and nothttps://ip-address
- To add some other files, other than index.html.
- Go to IIS manager and under default documents, add a new document.
Dual hosting
on windows server
- Create a new folder on the host machine and create your pages.
- Open the IIS manager and under sites in the left browser, click create new site.
- Give name and browse the physical path.
- If the port is already occupied, change the port number.
- Click on start.
The newly created site will not work immediately as we need to create inbound rules in the firewall under security group for the instance.
- Add a Custom TCP rule and add the port range 8080 and save.
- Also disable the firewall on host machine.
Connecting to linux instance
- Instead of RDB, enable SSH under Configure security group at port 22.
- You can use the existing key-pair
- Create a linux instance as usual.
- After having 2/2 checks, copy the public IP of the instance.
- In command line, open ssh
- Connect to the linux host using :
ssh -i ./production.pem enc-user@<public ip>
-i
means give identity file which ends with.pem
- on linux use
chmod 004 pemfile
to change the permissions of the file
- after logging in using
ssh
change the user toroot
- use
sudo su
- to verify this use
whoami
it show showroot
- to verify this use
- use
- Install required http libraries
yum install httpd*
- install the apache serveryum install wget
- install wget a cli tool to download files
- Change working directory to
/var/www/html
- use
cd /var/www/html
to do so
- use
- Create your html file
- use
touch index.html
to do so
- use
- Start http service
service httpd start
or you can usesystemctl start httpd
- To keep this service running even after restart,
- use
chkconfig httpd on
or systemctl enable httpd.service
- which checks the services on startup
- use
- Modify the
index.html
and restarthttpd
service- use
restart httpd service
or systemctl restart httpd
- use
- In case you want to verify that
httpd
service is running- use
systemctl status httpd
- use
Note: EC2 is a regional service and the stuff done in one region is not available in another region.
DNS
- DNS is a server that works along with the root server to resolve a domain name and provide the ip.
- Root servers are different for
.com
,.in
,.uk
etc. - DNS server asks the root server what the IP of the asked domain is.
- The DNS then conveys the reply to the consumer,
- and the IP is then used to connect to the main server.
Elastic IP Address
- Elastic IP address is static IPv4 address designed for dynamic cloud computing.
- Elastic IP is associated to the AWS account
- With elastic IP, we can mask failure of one instance to the another
- To use it, first allocate one IP to your account and then associate it to the instance or a NIC
- We can always allocate and deallocate an IP from a resource
- If an Elastic IP gets associated to an idle instance/unattached NIC, we are charged for the IP
- It is meant to be used withing a particular region only.
Implementation
- Under Network and Security find the Elastic IP option
- Allocate the elastic IP
- Select the region
- Click Allocate
- Now under Actions in the same page, associate it to an instance
- Choose an instance that you created
- Click Associate
You can check the public IP address for the instance now and even on restarting the machine, the IP remains same
Creating backup server using Elastic IP
- Create an instance (main instance)
- Create another instance (backup instance)
- Associate the Elastic IP to the main instance
- Now as soon as the main instance goes down,
- deallocate the IP from the main instance and
- allocate it to the backup instance.
- The service will be available back again.
- Be sure to release/deallocate the IP from main server
- or you will be charged a lot
Amazon EBS
- Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) is the storage system in the amazon cloud.
- It provides block storage volumes on the cloud.
- Each EBS volume is automatically replicated to prevent component failure.
- Typical use cases are for working with
- Big Data analytics,
- streams,
- log processing and
- warehouse applications.
Features
- High performance
- Availability
- Encryption
- Access management
- Snapshots
- Reliable
- Low latency
- Backup and restore
- Quick scaling
- Geographic flexibility
Creating a new EBS volume
- Select Volumes from EBS on left browsing menu
- Check the availability zone for the instance you want to attach the drive to
- Click create.
- This will just create a volume that will not be attached to anything
Attaching a EBS volume to a host
- Under volumes, select the volume that you created and want to attach to the system.
- From Actions, select Attach Volume
- Select the instance you want to attach the disk to
Attaching to Windows
- Open the host that you attached the disk to
- Run disk manager
- Bring the disk online and initialize it by right clicking on the new disk
- Follow the procedure to allocate the size for new disk
Attaching to Linux
- Connect to the instance using SSH
- now use
fdisk -l
- to list all attached drivesfdisk /dev/<diskname>
- to open disk utility for the attached drive (interactive mode)
- Create a new partition
m
- Help, and check changen
- Create new partitionp
- Create the partition as primary1
- Select the 1st sector [1 by default]+10G
- Size of the volumew
- Save and exit
- Mount the partition
mkdir /foldername
- Create a new foldermkfs.ext4 /dev/<diskname>
- Format the drive to ext4mkfs.<file_system>
- reformat the hard disk according to the filesystemmount /dev/<diskname> /foldername
- Create new partition