How git works

• files can be

  • untracked - that is not beign tracked by git
  • unmodified - that is they are tracked by git, but are not modified since last commit
  • modified - that is they are modified since last commit
  • staged - that is files which are ready to be commited

• git init - create a git repo

• git clone https://github.com/shivanshu-semwal/ds-ml - clone a repo over https
• git clone git@github.com:shivanshu-semwal/ds-ml.git - clone a repo over ssh
• git add [filename] - start tracking filename
• git status - show status of files, (untracked, unmodified, modified, staged)
• git status -s - show git status in short
  • it will show 3 columns
  • first one show file status in staging area
  • second one show file status in the working tree
  • this one shows the file name
  • ?? - means file is untracked
  • A - means file is added to tracking area
  • M - means file is modified
• git commit -m "Title" -m "Description" - commit the file in the staging area, the become unmodified after commiting
• git commit -a -m "msg" - skip staging area and directly commit all changes to tracked files, removes the need to do git add
• git rm [filename] - make a file untracked
• git rm --cached [filename] - remove a file form staging area, accidently staged
• git mv [filename] [newfilename] - change name and location of a tracked file
• git diff - show the changes in current working tree
• git diff --cached or git diff --staged - show the change in the files in staged area, useful to check what will be on next commit
• git log - show commit history, in reverse chronogical order
• git log -p - show commit history, and also the files change and what changed
• git log -2 - show last two commits
• git log --stat - show git log in summary
• git log --pretty=oneline - show git logs in one lines
  • short full fuller
  • also you can give custom format, git log --pretty=format:"format"

Specifier	Description
%H	Commit hash
%h	Abbreviated commit hash
%T	Tree hash
%t	Abbreviated tree hash
%P	Parent hashes
%p	Abbreviated parent hashes
%an	Author name
%ae	Author email
%ad	Author date (format respects the --date=option)
%ar	Author date, relative
%cn	Committer name
%ce	Committer email
%cd	Committer date
%cr	Committer date, relative
%s	Subject

• git log --graph - show commit history in graph view
• git log --since=2.weeks - limiting git log output to certain time
• git log -S function_name - show all cahnges that changes the function_name word

• git log -- path/to/file - show commits which changes the file or path provided

• git commit --ammend - fix the last commit message, file added to staging area will also be commited in this commit

• git reset HEAD <file> - remove the file from the staging area