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Network Management

HTTP request

  • curl https://example.com Return response body
  • curl -i|--include https://example.com Include status code and HTTP headers
  • curl -L|--location https://example.com Follow redirects
  • curl -O|--remote-name foo.txt https://example.com Output to a text file
  • curl -H|--header "User-Agent: Foo" https://example.com Add a HTTP header
  • curl -X|--request POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d|--data '{"foo":"bar"}' https://example.com POST JSON
  • curl -X POST -H --data-urlencode foo="bar" http://example.com POST URL Form Encoded

  • wget <https://example.com/file.txt> Download a file to the current directory

  • wget -O|--output-document foo.txt <https://example.com/file.txt> Output to a file with the specified name

Network Troubleshooting

  • ping example.com Send multiple ping requests using the ICMP protocol
  • ping -c 10 -i 5 example.com Make 10 attempts, 5 seconds apart

  • ip addr List IP addresses on the system

  • ip route show Show IP addresses to router

  • curl ifconfig.me Obtain external IP address

  • netstat -i|--interfaces List all network interfaces and in/out usage

  • netstat -l|--listening List all open ports

  • traceroute example.com List all servers the network traffic goes through

  • mtr -w|--report-wide example.com Continually list all servers the network traffic goes through

  • mtr -r|--report -w|--report-wide -c|--report-cycles 100 example.com Output a report that lists network traffic 100 times

  • nmap 0.0.0.0 Scan for the 1000 most common open ports on localhost

  • nmap 0.0.0.0 -p1-65535 Scan for open ports on localhost between 1 and 65535
  • nmap 192.168.4.3 Scan for the 1000 most common open ports on a remote IP address
  • nmap -sP 192.168.1.1/24 Discover all machines on the network by ping'ing them

DNS

  • dig example.com Show query information of a domain A records
  • dig -4 example.com Show IPv4 A information
  • dig -6 example.com Show IPv6 AAA information
  • dig example.com @nameserver Show query of a specific nameserver
  • dig example.com -p 123 Show query of a specific port number

  • cat /etc/resolv.conf resolv.conf lists nameservers